Differences between formal, non-formal and informal education

Electronic Non Formal Education: A Case Study of Tehran Municipality

Considering the emergence of brand-new educational needs, non-formal education as a prerequisite of a knowledge-based society is increasingly going popular among nations in view of its continual nature. However, life-long learning as a key concept of the modern education system stands clearly at odds with traditional learning in every way of philosophy, objectives,...

The Relationship between Formal and Informal Reasoning

Between Too Informal and Too Formal

Very few information repositories, especially corporate memories, are formal knowledge bases (KBs) since, despite its benefits, formal and scalable knowledge modelling is inherently a difficult and time-consuming exercise that current generic KB systems (KBSs) still do not guide well. Instead, repositories are most often composed of informal documents that are independently created by people (t...

Evidence of bridging the gap between formal education and informal learning through teacher education

This paper describes the developments and results of a special student teacher course used in several European countries, originally developed in Finland in close cooperation between the University of Helsinki and Heureka, the Finnish Science Centre. The integrative science education course already started in 1996. It combines formal teaching and informal learning opportunities. The main target...

Teachers' Attitudes towards Teaching in Formal vs. Informal ELT Contexts

Up to now, many studies have been done to show the origin of attitudes and their relationships with behaviors or actions. Some of those works have focused on students' attitudes and some have introduced the various contexts of language teaching and learning. These studies were enough to give a new impetus for conducting the present investigation. This paper investigated the teachers' attitudes ...